New Release: Alpha testing version has been released.

Finerenone

C03D - Potassium-sparing agents ATC C03DA05 Small molecule approved 2021 Oral First-in-class

JFDA label: Kerendia film-coated tablet

Mechanism of Action

Antagonist of Mineralocorticoid receptor — Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

TargetActionGene / class
Mineralocorticoid receptor efficacy ANTAGONIST NR3C2

Indications

Approved

  • Cardiovascular Diseases — cardiovascular disease
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic — chronic kidney disease

Off-label

  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Diabetic Nephropathies
  • Heart Failure

Contraindications

Source: openFDA

  • Kerendia is contraindicated in patients: Who are hypersensitive to any component of this product [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ] . Who are receiving concomitant treatment with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ]. With adrenal insufficiency. Concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. ( 4 , 7.1 ) Patients with adrenal insufficiency. ( 4 ) Hypersensitivity to any component of this product. ( 4 ) Absolute

Dosing

Source: openFDA

The recommended starting dosage is 10 mg or 20 mg orally once daily based on eGFR and serum potassium thresholds. ( 2.1 ) Increase dosage after 4 weeks to the target dose of 20 mg once daily for CKD and T2DM based on eGFR and serum potassium thresholds. ( 2.3 ) Increase dosage after 4 weeks to the target dose of 20 mg or 40 mg once daily for HF with LVEF ≥ 40% based on eGFR and serum potassium thresholds. ( 2.3 ) Tablets may be taken with or without food ( 2.2 ) 2.1 Prior to Initiation of Kerendia Measure serum potassium levels and eGFR before initiation. Do not initiate treatment if serum potassium is > 5.0 mEq/L [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. 2.2 Recommended Starting Dosage The recommended starting dose of Kerendia is based on eGFR and is presented in Table 1. Table 1: Recommended Starting Dosage eGFR (mL/min/1.73m 2 ) Starting Dose ≥ 60 20 mg orally once daily ≥ 25 to < 60 10 mg orally once daily < 25 Initiation is not recommended For patients who are unable to swallow whole tablets, Kerendia may be crushed and mixed with water or soft foods such as applesauce immediately prior to use and administered orally [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . 2.3 Monitoring and Dosage Adjustment CKD associated with T2DM The target daily dose of Kerendia is 20 mg orally. Measure serum potassium 4 weeks after initiating treatment and adjust dose (see Table 2 ); if serum potassium levels are > 4.8 to 5.0 mEq/L, initiation of Kerendia treatment may be considered with additional serum potassium monitoring within the first 4 weeks based on clinical judgment and serum potassium levels [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Measure serum potassium 4 weeks after a dose adjustment and periodically throughout treatment, and adjust the dose as needed (see Table 2 ) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Drug Interactions (7.1) ]. Table 2: Dose Adjustment Based on Current Serum Potassium Concentration and Current Dose (CKD associated with T2DM) Current Kerendia Dose 10 mg once daily 20 mg once daily Current Serum Potassium (mEq/L) ≤ 4.8 Increase the dose to 20 mg once daily. If eGFR has decreased by more than 30% compared to previous measurement, maintain 10 mg dose. Maintain 20 mg once daily. > 4.8 – 5.5 Maintain 10 mg once daily. Maintain 20 mg once daily. > 5.5 Withhold Kerendia. Consider restarting at 10 mg once daily when serum potassium ≤ 5.0 mEq/L. Withhold Kerendia. Restart at 10 mg once daily when serum potassium ≤ 5.0 mEq/L. Heart Failure with LVEF ≥ 40% The target daily dose of Kerendia for heart failure (LVEF ≥ 40%) is dependent on renal function (eGFR) at initiation of Kerendia treatment (see Table 3 ). The target daily dose is 40 mg orally once daily if eGFR at initiation is ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m 2 . The target daily dose is 20 mg orally once daily if eGFR at initiation is ≥ 25 to < 60 mL/min/1.73m 2 . Measure serum potassium and eGFR 4 weeks after initiating treatment and adjust dose (see Table 3 ). Measure serum potassium and eGFR 4 weeks after a dose adjustment and monitor periodically throughout treatment, and adjust the dose as needed (see Table 3 ) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 & 5.2) and Drug Interactions (7.1) ]. Table 3: Dose Adjustment Based on Current Serum Potassium Concentration, eGFR, and Current Dose (Heart Failure (LVEF ≥ 40%)) Current Kerendia Dose 10 mg once daily 20 mg once daily 40 mg once daily Current Serum Potassium (mEq/L) < 5.0 Increase the dose to 20 mg once daily If eGFR has decreased by more than 30% compared to previous measurement, maintain current dose. Maintain 20 mg once daily if eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 at initiation. Otherwise increase the dose to 40 mg once daily Maintain 40 mg once daily. ≥ 5.0 to < 5.5 Maintain current dose. ≥ 5.5 to < 6.0 Withhold Kerendia. Restart at 10 mg once daily when serum potassium < 5.5 mEq/L. Decrease to 10 mg once daily. Decrease to 20 mg once daily. ≥ 6.0 Withhold Kerendia. Restart at 10 mg once daily when serum potassium < 5.5 mEq/L. If repeated serum potassi

Warnings & Precautions

Source: openFDA

Warnings & Precautions

Hyperkalemia. Patients with decreased kidney function and higher baseline potassium levels are at increased risk. Monitor serum potassium levels and adjust dose as needed. ( 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 , 5.1 ) Worsening of Renal Function in Patients with Heart Failure. Measure eGFR and adjust dose as needed. ( 2.1 , 2.3 , 6.1 )

Hyperkalemia Kerendia can cause hyperkalemia [see Adverse Reactions (6

Hyperkalemia Kerendia can cause hyperkalemia [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . The risk for developing hyperkalemia increases with decreasing kidney function and is greater in patients with higher baseline potassium levels or other risk factors for hyperkalemia. Measure serum potassium and eGFR in all patients before initiation of treatment with Kerendia and dose accordingly [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . Do not initiate Kerendia if serum potassium is > 5.0 mEq/L. Measure serum potassium periodically during treatment with Kerendia and adjust dose accordingly [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ] . More frequent monitoring may be necessary for patients at risk for hyperkalemia, including those on concomitant medications that impair potassium excretion or increase serum potassium [see Drug Interactions (7.1 , 7.2) ] .

Worsening of Renal Function in Patients with Heart Failure Kerendia ca

Worsening of Renal Function in Patients with Heart Failure Kerendia can cause worsening of renal function in patients with heart failure. Rarely, severe events associated with worsening renal function, including events requiring hospitalization, have been observed [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Measure eGFR in all patients before initiation of treatment or with dose titration of Kerendia and dose accordingly [see Dosage and Administration (2.1 , 2.3) ]. Initiation of Kerendia in patients with heart failure and an eGFR <25 mL/min/1.73m 2 is not recommended. Measure eGFR periodically during maintenance treatment with Kerendia in patients with heart failure. Consider delaying up-titration or interrupting treatment with Kerendia in patients who develop clinically significant worsening of renal function.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Lactation

No Data Hale L3

However, the manufacturer recommends avoiding breastfeeding during treatment and for 1 day after treatment.

Chemistry & Properties

2D structure
FormulaC21H22N4O3
Molecular weight378.43 g/mol
IUPAC name(4S)-4-(4-cyano-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-ethoxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine-3-carboxamide
CAS1050477-31-0
PubChem CID60150535
InChIKeyBTBHLEZXCOBLCY-QGZVFWFLSA-N
logP2.99 (XLogP 2.4)
Polar surface area110.26 Ų
H-bond acceptors / donors6 / 2
Drug-likeness (QED)0.83
Lipinski violations0
SMILESCCOc1ncc(C)c2c1[C@H](c1ccc(C#N)cc1OC)C(C(N)=O)=C(C)N2

Biology & Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics predicted

Bioavailability10.0%
Half-life1.318 h
Volume of distribution3.619 L/kg
Protein binding97.4%
BBB penetrantNo

Enzyme interactions

EnzymeRoleDetail
CYP1A2Substrate
CYP2B6Inhibitor
CYP2C8Inhibitor
CYP2C9Inhibitor
CYP3A4Substrate

Receptor binding (top 1)

TargetActionAffinity
Mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2) Antagonist pIC50 7.7

Transporters

BCRP (Inhibitor)BSEP (Inhibitor)MRP1 (Inhibitor)OATP1B1 (Inhibitor)OATP1B3 (Inhibitor)P-gp (Inhibitor)P-gp (Substrate)

Registered Products (2)

BrandForm / strengthPackAgentCitizen (JOD)
Kerendia film-coated tablet Film-Coated Tablet 20 mg 28 tab Khoury Drug Store 52.190
Kerendia film-coated tablet Film-Coated Tablet 10 mg 28 tab Khoury Drug Store 52.190