New Release: Alpha testing version has been released.

Naphazoline

S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics ATC R01AB02 Small molecule approved 1971 Topical Natural product

JFDA label: NAZOLIN NASAL DROPS

Mechanism of Action

Naphazoline: Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the conjunctiva to produce vasoconstriction. Pheniramine: Inhibits the effect of histamine on conjunctival epithelial cells by preventing its release from mast cells.

Indications

Approved

  • Ocular itching/redness

Contraindications

Source: Lexicomp

  • OTC labeling: When used for self-medication, do not use if you have hypersensitivity to naphazoline, pheniramine, or any component of the formulation Absolute

Adverse Reactions

Very Common >10%Common 1–10%Uncommon 0.1–1% Rare 0.01–0.1%Very Rare <0.01%Not Known

Nervous system disorders (1)

Not Known Tingling sensation (eye)

Eye disorders (1)

Not Known Mydriasis

Dosing

Source: Lexicomp

Ocular itching/redness: Ophthalmic: Instill 1 to 2 drops into the affected eye(s) up to 4 times daily
Ocular itching/redness: Children ≥6 years and Adolescents: Ophthalmic: Refer to adult dosing.
Refer to adult dosing.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer’s labeling.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

Warnings & Precautions

Source: Lexicomp

Ocular effects

Pupils may become enlarged with use; temporary light sensitivity may occur. Brief tingling after administration may occur. Disease-related concerns:

Cardiovascular disease

Use naphazoline with caution in patients with cardiovascular abnormalities or hypertension.

Diabetes

Use naphazoline with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Hyperthyroidism

Use naphazoline with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism.

Infection/injury

Use naphazoline with caution in patients with local infection or injury. Concurrent drug therapy issues:

Drug-drug interactions

Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information. Dosage form specific issues:

Benzalkonium chloride

May contain benzalkonium chloride which may be absorbed by soft contact lenses. Other warnings/precautions:

Appropriate use

For ophthalmic use only. Inadvertent contamination of multiple-dose ophthalmic solutions, has caused bacterial keratitis; avoid contamination.

Self-medication (OTC use)

When used for self-medication (OTC), patients with narrow-angle glaucoma or prostatic hyperplasia should consult health care provider before use. Do not use >72 hours; overuse may cause more eye redness. Notify healthcare provider if eye pain or vision changes occur or if redness or irritation gets worse or lasts >72 hours. Do not use with contact lenses. Do not use if solution changes color or becomes cloudy.

Accidental ingestion

Accidental ingestion by children of over-the-counter (OTC) imidazoline-derivative eye drops and nasal sprays may result in serious harm. Serious adverse reactions (eg, coma, bradycardia, respiratory depression, sedation) requiring hospitalization have been reported in children ≤5 years of age who had ingested even small amounts (eg, 1 to 2 mL). Contact a poison control center and seek emergency medical care immediately for accidental ingestion (FDA Drug Safety Communication 2012).

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy

Chemistry & Properties

2D structure
FormulaC14H14N2
Molecular weight210.28 g/mol
IUPAC name2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole
CAS835-31-4
PubChem CID4436
InChIKeyCNIIGCLFLJGOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
logP2.38 (XLogP 2.1)
Polar surface area24.39 Ų
H-bond acceptors / donors2 / 1
Drug-likeness (QED)0.81
Lipinski violations0
SMILESc1ccc2c(CC3=NCCN3)cccc2c1

Biology & Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

BBB penetrantNo

Enzyme interactions

EnzymeRoleDetail
CYP1A2Substrate
CYP2C19Substrate
CYP2D6Inhibitor
CYP2D6Substrate
CYP3A4Substrate

Receptor binding (top 6)

TargetActionAffinity
&alpha;2A-adrenoceptor (ADRA2A) Agonist pIC50 7.8
&alpha;2C-adrenoceptor (ADRA2C) Agonist pEC50 7.7
&alpha;2C-adrenoceptor (ADRA2C) Agonist pIC50 7.1
&alpha;2A-adrenoceptor (ADRA2A) Agonist pKi 7.0
&alpha;1A-adrenoceptor (ADRA1A) Agonist pKi 6.5
&alpha;2C-adrenoceptor (ADRA2C) Agonist pKi 6.4

Transporters

BCRP (Inhibitor)BSEP (Inhibitor)BSEP (Inhibitor)MRP1 (Inhibitor)OATP1B1 (Inhibitor)OATP1B3 (Inhibitor)OATP1B3 (Inhibitor)P-gp (Inhibitor)P-gp (Substrate)

Registered Products (8)

BrandForm / strengthPackAgentCitizen (JOD)
NAZOLIN NASAL DROPS Nasal Spray 0.5 %, 0.25 % 10 ml Dar Al Dawa Development and Investment Co Ltd/Jordan 0.500
Ophtazolin Eye Drops Ophthalmic Solution 0.5 %, 0.025 % 10 ml Dar Al Dawa Development and Investment Co Ltd/Jordan 0.600
DOTT ALLERGY Eyes eye/nose drops Ophthalmic Solution 0.25 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml 10 ml Amman Pharmaceutical Indusries 0.670
DOTT Clear EYES Eye Drops Ophthalmic Solution 0.025 %, 0.3 % 15 ml Amman Pharmaceutical Industries Co 1.200
Naphcon Forte Eye Drops Ophthalmic Solution 0.1 % 15 ml Modern Drug Store 1.310
Naphcon A Eye Drops Ophthalmic Solution 0.025 %, 0.3 % 15 ml Modern Drug Store 1.500
Apillerg eye drops Ophthalmic Solution 0.04 %, 0.05 % 10 ml Amman Pharmaceutical Industries Co 1.560
Trillerg Solution 0.4 mg/1 ml, 0.5 mg/1 ml 10 ml Nabulsi Drug Store 1.560