Xylometazoline
JFDA label: Xylomet N/D 0.1%
Mechanism of Action
Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the conjunctiva and the nasal mucosa to produce vasoconstriction
Indications
Approved
- Nasal Congestion
Contraindications
Source: Lexicomp
- Hypersensitivity to xylometazoline or any component of the formulation Absolute
- narrow angle glaucoma Absolute
- patients with transphenoidal hypophysectomy or surgery exposing the dura mater Absolute
- rhinitis sicca or atrophic rhinitis Absolute
Adverse Reactions
Nervous system disorders (1)
Common Headache
Gastrointestinal disorders (1)
Common Nausea
General disorders and administration site conditions (1)
Common Application site burning
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders (2)
Common Dry nose · nasal discomfort
Dosing
Source: Lexicomp
Warnings & Precautions
Source: Lexicomp
Rebound nasal congestion
Frequent or prolonged use may cause nasal congestion to recur or worsen. Disease-related concerns:
Cardiovascular disease
Use with caution in patients with hypertension or heart disease.
Diabetes mellitus
Use with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Thyroid disease
Use with caution in patients with thyroid disease.
Prostatic hyperplasia/Urinary obstruction
Use with caution in patients with prostatic hyperplasia and/or GU obstruction. Concurrent drug therapy issues:
Drug-drug interactions
Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information. Other warnings:
Appropriate use
If symptoms persist longer than 3 days consult health care provider. Container should not be used by more than 1 individual.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy
According to the manufacturer, use during pregnancy is not recommended.
Lactation
It is not known if xylometazoline is excreted in breast milk. The manufacturer recommends that caution be exercised when administering xylometazoline to nursing women.
Chemistry & Properties
| Formula | C16H24N2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 244.38 g/mol |
| IUPAC name | 2-[(4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole |
| CAS | 526-36-3 |
| PubChem CID | 5709 |
| InChIKey | HUCJFAOMUPXHDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| logP | 3.15 (XLogP 3.2) |
| Polar surface area | 24.39 Ų |
| H-bond acceptors / donors | 2 / 1 |
| Drug-likeness (QED) | 0.85 |
| Lipinski violations | 0 |
SMILES
Cc1cc(C(C)(C)C)cc(C)c1CC1=NCCN1Biology & Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics
| BBB penetrant | No |
|---|
Enzyme interactions
| Enzyme | Role | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| CYP1A2 | Substrate | — |
| CYP2C19 | Substrate | — |
| CYP2D6 | Inhibitor | — |
| CYP2D6 | Substrate | — |
| CYP3A4 | Substrate | — |
Receptor binding (top 7)
| Target | Action | Affinity |
|---|---|---|
| α2B-adrenoceptor (ADRA2B) | Agonist | pIC50 8.8 |
| α2A-adrenoceptor (ADRA2A) | Agonist | pIC50 8.1 |
| α2B-adrenoceptor (ADRA2B) | Agonist | pEC50 7.8 |
| α2A-adrenoceptor (ADRA2A) | Agonist | pKi 7.6 |
| α2C-adrenoceptor (ADRA2C) | Agonist | pIC50 7.2 |
| α2C-adrenoceptor (ADRA2C) | Agonist | pKi 7.0 |
| α2B-adrenoceptor (ADRA2B) | Agonist | pKi 5.4 |
Transporters
BCRP (Inhibitor)BSEP (Inhibitor)BSEP (Inhibitor)MRP1 (Inhibitor)OATP1B1 (Inhibitor)OATP1B3 (Inhibitor)P-gp (Inhibitor)P-gp (Substrate)
Registered Products (17)
| Brand | Form / strength | Pack | Agent | Citizen (JOD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decozoline (Children) | Solution 0.05 % | 10 ml | MIDDLE EAST PHARMA&CHEMICAL IND/JORDAN | 0.750 |
| Decozoline Adult Nasal Drops | Nasal Spray 0.1 % | 10 ml | MIDDLE EAST PHARMA&CHEMICAL IND/JORDAN | 0.810 |
| Decozal 0.05% nasal drops | Nasal Spray 0.05 % | 10 ml | Amman Pharmaceutical Indusries | 1.040 |
| Decozal 0.1% Nasal Drops | Nasal Spray 0.1 % | 10 ml | Amman Pharmaceutical Indusries | 1.050 |
| OTRIVIN 0.05% NASAL DROPS | Nasal Spray 0.05 % | 10 ml | Sukhtian Group | 1.490 |
| Decozal 0.05% Metered Dose Nasal Spray | Spray 0.05 % | 10 ml pack varies | Amman Pharmaceutical Indusries | 1.630 |
| Decozal 0.1% Metered Dose Nasal Spray | Spray 0.1 % | 10 ml pack varies | Amman Pharmaceutical Indusries | 1.700 |
| Xylomet N/D | Nasal Drops/Spray 0.1 % | 15 ml | Khoury Drug Store | 1.740 |
| Otrivin 0.1% w/v | Solution 0.1 % | 10 ml | Sukhtian Group | 2.010 |
| OTRIVIN 0.1% MD Spray | Spray 0.1 % | 10 ml | Sukhtian Group | 2.130 |
| Decozal 0.05% Metered Dose Nasal Spray | Spray 0.05 % | 15 ml pack varies | Amman Pharmaceutical Indusries | 2.160 |
| Decozal 0.1% Metered Dose Nasal Spray | Spray 0.1 % | 15 ml pack varies | Amman Pharmaceutical Indusries | 2.260 |
| Decozal Menthol Metered Dose Nasal Spray | Spray 0.1 % | 10 ml | Amman Pharmaceutical Indusries | 2.360 |
| Otrivin 0.05% MD Spray | Spray 0.05 % | 10 ml | Sukhtian Group | 2.570 |
| Otrivin Menthol MD Spray | Spray 0.10 % | 10 ml | Sukhtian Group | 2.990 |
| Decozal Complete | Solution 0.5 mg/1 ml, 0.6 mg/1 ml | 10 ml | شركة عمان للصناعات الدوائية / Amman Pharmaceutical Indusries / General | 3.700 |
| Otrivin Dual Relief nasal spray | Spray 0.5 mg, 0.6 mg | 10 ml | Sukhtian Group | 4.630 |