New Release: Alpha testing version has been released.

Remdesivir

J05A - Direct acting antivirals ATC J05AF13 Small molecule approved 2020 Parenteral Prodrug First-in-class Black-box warning

Active form: Rdv-Tp.

JFDA label: Veklury

⚠ Black-Box Warning
  • Black Box Warning — ChEMBL drug_warning (Black Box Warning) | United States

Mechanism of Action

Inhibitor of RNA-directed RNA polymerase L — RNA-directed RNA polymerase L inhibitor; Inhibitor of Replicase polyprotein 1ab — Replicase polyprotein 1ab inhibitor

TargetActionGene / class
RNA-directed RNA polymerase L efficacy INHIBITOR L
Replicase polyprotein 1ab efficacy INHIBITOR rep

Indications

Approved

  • COVID-19 — COVID-19
  • Coronavirus Infections — coronavirus infectious disease
  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome — severe acute respiratory syndrome
  • Virus Diseases — viral disease

Off-label

  • Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola
  • Influenza, Human
  • Pneumonia
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Antimicrobial Spectrum

Expected / intrinsic spectrum (EUCAST breakpoints & labels) — not local resistance. Source: openfda-label.

Viruses

OrganismActivityMIC
Respiratory Syncytial Active
Rsv Active

Class profile

targetVirusSARS-CoV-2 / Ebola / RSV
viralClassVarious RNA viruses
targetStepRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, NUC prodrug, chain terminator)
resistanceBarrierModerate (F480L + V557L in nsp12 RdRp reduce susceptibility)
crossResistanceNo cross-resistance with 3CL-pro inhibitors; activity against Coronaviridae family
sourceDHHS/AASLD/manufacturer-PIL

Contraindications

Source: openFDA

  • is contraindicated in patients with a history of clinically significant hypersensitivity reactions to VEKLURY or any components of the product [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. VEKLURY is contraindicated in patients with a history of clinically significant hypersensitivity reactions to VEKLURY or any components of the product. ( 4 ) Absolute

Dosing

Source: openFDA

Testing: In all patients, before starting VEKLURY and during treatment as clinically appropriate, perform hepatic laboratory testing. Assess prothrombin time before starting VEKLURY and monitor as clinically appropriate. ( 2.2 ) Recommended dosage: Adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg: a single loading dose of VEKLURY 200 mg on Day 1 followed by once-daily maintenance doses of VEKLURY 100 mg from Day 2 via intravenous infusion. ( 2.3 ) Pediatric patients (birth to less than 18 years of age) weighing 1.5 kg to less than 40 kg: Recommended dosage is based on weight. Refer to Table 1 of the full prescribing information for specific dosing guidelines based on body weight. ( 2.3 ) Hospitalized patients: The treatment course of VEKLURY should be initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19 has been made. ( 2.3 ) For hospitalized patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and/or ECMO, the recommended total treatment duration is 10 days. ( 2.3 ) For hospitalized patients not requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and/or ECMO, the recommended treatment duration is 5 days. If a patient does not demonstrate clinical improvement, treatment may be extended for up to 5 additional days for a total treatment duration of up to 10 days. ( 2.3 ) Non-hospitalized patients: The treatment course of VEKLURY should be initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19 has been made and within 7 days of symptom onset. ( 2.3 ) For non-hospitalized patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death, the recommended total treatment duration is 3 days ( 2.3 ). Renal impairment: No dosage adjustment of VEKLURY is recommended in patients with any degree of renal impairment, including those on dialysis. ( 2.4 ) Administer VEKLURY via intravenous (IV) infusion over 30 to 120 minutes. ( 2.5 ) Dose preparation and administration: Refer to the full prescribing information for further details. ( 2.5 ) Storage of prepared dosages: VEKLURY contains no preservative. ( 2.6 ) 2.1 Dosage and Administration Overview VEKLURY may only be administered in settings in which healthcare providers have immediate access to medications to treat a severe infusion or hypersensitivity reaction, such as anaphylaxis, and the ability to activate the emergency medical system (EMS), as necessary [see Dosage and Administration (2.5) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Administer VEKLURY for the treatment of COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients (birth to less than 18 years of age weighing at least 1.5 kg) by intravenous infusion only. Do not administer by any other route. VEKLURY for injection must be reconstituted with Sterile Water for Injection prior to diluting with 0.9% sodium chloride injection. 2.2 Testing Before Starting and During Treatment with VEKLURY Perform hepatic laboratory testing in all patients before starting VEKLURY and while receiving VEKLURY as clinically appropriate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.7) ]. Determine prothrombin time in all patients before starting VEKLURY and monitor while receiving VEKLURY as clinically appropriate [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. 2.3 Recommended Dosage in Adults and Pediatric Patients (Birth to Less than 18 Years of Age Weighing at Least 1.5 kg) The recommended dosage for adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg is a single loading dose of VEKLURY 200 mg on Day 1 via intravenous infusion followed by once-daily maintenance doses of VEKLURY 100 mg from Day 2 via intravenous infusion. The recommended dosage for pediatric patients weighing 1.5 kg to less than 40 kg is presented in Table 1. Table 1 Recommended Dosage in Pediatric Patients Including Term Gestational age greater than 37 weeks. Neonates and Infants Weighing 1.5 kg to Less than 40 kg Pediatric Patient Population Loading Dose Via Intravenous Infusion Maintenance

Warnings & Precautions

Source: openFDA

Warnings & Precautions

Hypersensitivity including infusion-related and anaphylactic reactions: Hypersensitivity reactions have been observed during and following administration of VEKLURY. Slower infusion rates, with a maximum infusion time of up to 120 minutes, can be considered to potentially prevent signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity. Monitor patients during infusion and observe patients for at least one hour after infusion is complete for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity as clinically appropriate. If signs and symptoms of a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction occur, immediately discontinue administration of VEKLURY and initiate appropriate treatment. ( 5.1 ) Increased risk of transaminase elevations: Transaminase elevations have been observed in healthy volunteers and have also been reported in patients with COVID-19 who received VEKLURY. Perform hepatic laboratory testing in all patients before starting VEKLURY and while receiving VEKLURY as clinically appropriate. Consider discontinuing VEKLURY if ALT levels increase to greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal. Discontinue VEKLURY if ALT elevation is accompanied by signs or symptoms of liver inflammation. ( 5.2 ) Risk of reduced antiviral activity when coadministered with chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine sulfate: Coadministration of VEKLURY and chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine sulfate is not recommended based on data from cell culture experiments demonstrating a potential antagonistic effect of chloroquine on the intracellular metabolic activation and antiviral activity of VEKLURY. ( 5.3 )

Hypersensitivity Including Infusion-related and Anaphylactic Reactions

Hypersensitivity Including Infusion-related and Anaphylactic Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions, including infusion-related and anaphylactic reactions, have been observed during and following administration of VEKLURY; most occurred within one hour. Signs and symptoms may include hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, bradycardia, hypoxia, fever, dyspnea, wheezing, angioedema, rash, nausea, diaphoresis, and shivering. Slower infusion rates, with a maximum infusion time of up to 120 minutes, can be considered to potentially prevent these signs and symptoms. Monitor patients during infusion and observe patients for at least one hour after infusion is complete for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity as clinically appropriate. If signs and symptoms of a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction occur, immediately discontinue administration of VEKLURY and initiate appropriate treatment. The use of VEKLURY is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to VEKLURY or any components of the product [see Contraindications (4) ] .

Increased Risk of Transaminase Elevations Transaminase elevations have

Increased Risk of Transaminase Elevations Transaminase elevations have been observed in healthy volunteers who received 200 mg of VEKLURY followed by 100 mg doses for up to 10 days; the transaminase elevations were mild (Grade 1) to moderate (Grade 2) in severity and resolved upon discontinuation of VEKLURY. Transaminase elevations have also been reported in patients with COVID-19 who received VEKLURY [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Because transaminase elevations have been reported as a clinical feature of COVID-19, and the incidence was similar in patients receiving placebo versus VEKLURY in clinical trials of VEKLURY, discerning the contribution of VEKLURY to transaminase elevations in patients with COVID-19 can be challenging. Perform hepatic laboratory testing in all patients before starting VEKLURY and while receiving VEKLURY as clinically appropriate [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.7) ] . Consider discontinuing VEKLURY if ALT levels increase to greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal. Discontinue VEKLURY if ALT elevation is accompanied by signs or symptoms of liver inflammation.

Risk of Reduced Antiviral Activity When Coadministered with Chloroquin

Risk of Reduced Antiviral Activity When Coadministered with Chloroquine Phosphate or Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate Coadministration of VEKLURY and chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine sulfate is not recommended based on data from cell culture experiments demonstrating a potential antagonistic effect of chloroquine on the intracellular metabolic activation and antiviral activity of VEKLURY [see Drug Interactions (7) and Microbiology (12.4) ].

Pregnancy & Lactation

Lactation

Caution Hale L3

Information from 5 patients indicate that milk levels of remdesivir and its active metabolite are very low in milk.

Monitoring

EfficacyViral load (undetectable = success); CD4 count (HIV); hepatic enzymes and HBV/HCV DNA (hepatitis); clinical resolution of acute viral illness
ToxicityRenal function (most antivirals are renally cleared); LFTs; resistance testing if virological failure; CBC
Clinical pearlFor HIV, undetectable viral load at 6 months predicts long-term treatment success. Resistance testing is mandatory at virological failure.
CounselingDo not miss doses — even brief interruptions can cause viral rebound and resistance selection. Report any side effects early rather than stopping independently.

Chemistry & Properties

2D structure
FormulaC27H35N6O8P
Molecular weight602.59 g/mol
IUPAC name2-ethylbutyl (2S)-2-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-cyano-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-phenoxyphosphoryl]amino]propanoate
CAS1809249-37-3
PubChem CID121304016
InChIKeyRWWYLEGWBNMMLJ-YSOARWBDSA-N
logP2.31 (XLogP 1.9)
Polar surface area203.55 Ų
H-bond acceptors / donors13 / 4
Drug-likeness (QED)0.16
Lipinski violations2
SMILESCCC(CC)COC(=O)[C@H](C)N[P@](=O)(OC[C@H]1O[C@@](C#N)(c2ccc3c(N)ncnn23)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)Oc1ccccc1

Biology & Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics predicted

Bioavailability70.0%
Half-life4.564 h
Volume of distribution0.736 L/kg
Protein binding74.3%
BBB penetrantNo

Enzyme interactions

EnzymeRoleDetail
CYP2B6Inhibitor

Transporters

BCRP (Inhibitor)BSEP (Inhibitor)BSEP (Inhibitor)MATE1 (Inhibitor)MRP1 (Inhibitor)NTCP (Inhibitor)OAT3 (Inhibitor)OATP1B1 (Inhibitor)OATP1B1 (Inhibitor)OATP1B3 (Inhibitor)OATP1B3 (Inhibitor)OCT1 (Inhibitor)P-gp (Inhibitor)MDR1 (Substrate)OATP1B1 (Substrate)P-gp (Substrate)

Drug–drug interactions (100+, DDInter)

Interacting drugSeverityManagement
Chloroquine major
Hydroxychloroquine major
Abemaciclib moderate
Abiraterone moderate
Acarbose moderate
Acitretin moderate
Acyclovir moderate
Afatinib moderate
Aldesleukin moderate
Alectinib moderate
Amikacin moderate
Amikacin (liposome) moderate
Amphotericin B moderate
Amphotericin B (cholesteryl sulfate) moderate
Amphotericin B (lipid complex) moderate
Amphotericin B (liposomal) moderate
Apalutamide moderate
Asparaginase Escherichia coli moderate
Atovaquone moderate
Axitinib moderate
Bacitracin moderate
Balsalazide moderate
Belinostat moderate
Bexarotene moderate
Bicalutamide moderate
Binimetinib moderate
Blinatumomab moderate
Bortezomib moderate
Bosutinib moderate
Brentuximab vedotin moderate
Bupropion moderate
Carboplatin moderate
Carfilzomib moderate
Carmustine moderate
Celecoxib moderate
Ceritinib moderate
Chenodeoxycholic acid moderate
Cisplatin moderate
Clarithromycin moderate
Clofarabine moderate

Showing 40 of 100+.

Registered Products (1)

BrandForm / strengthPackAgentCitizen (JOD)
Veklury Vial 100 mg VIL one vial Beta Drug Store